Canadian Citizenship Test: Who we are: Indigenous peoples, English and French, diversity

1. aA republic, a federal state and a parliamentary democracy
2. bA federal state, a presidential democracy and an absolute monarchy
3. cA federal state, a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchyCorrect
4. dA unitary state, a direct democracy and a constitutional monarchy

Power is shared between Ottawa and the provinces, voters elect their lawmakers, and the Sovereign is head of state under the Constitution.

1. aAs a copy of the American system
2. bAs a tradition that only began in 1982
3. cAs the oldest continuous constitutional tradition in the worldCorrect
4. dAs the newest tradition in the Commonwealth

Through its British roots, Canada carries on a constitutional tradition that has continued without a break longer than any other.

1. aThe Prime Minister is elected directly by all voters
2. bCanada is governed from London
3. cAll laws are made by the provinces alone
4. dPower is shared between a national government and provincial governmentsCorrect

The federal government deals with matters for the whole country, such as defence, while the provinces handle matters such as education and health.

1. aThe voters, in electionsCorrect
2. bThe Senate
3. cThe Sovereign
4. dThe provincial premiers

Citizens elect representatives to the House of Commons and to the provincial and territorial legislatures. These representatives make laws and hold the government to account.

1. aThe Royal Proclamation of 1763
2. bThe Official Languages Act
3. cThe British North America Act of 1867Correct
4. dThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

The British North America Act, today called the Constitution Act, 1867, uses these words to describe the aims of Canada's institutions.

1. aIndigenous peoples, the Americans and the British
2. bThe French, the Spanish and the British
3. cIndigenous peoples, the French and the BritishCorrect
4. dThe Dutch, the French and the British

Indigenous peoples, the French and the British laid the foundations of Canada's laws, languages and culture.

1. aCree, Mohawk and Haida
2. bAcadians, Inuit and Métis
3. cFirst Nations, Loyalists and Inuit
4. dFirst Nations, Inuit and MétisCorrect

The study guide calls them Aboriginal peoples and divides them into three groups: First Nations, Inuit and Métis.

1. aTrueCorrect
2. bFalse

They were living in North America long before the first European explorers arrived.

1. aThe Act of Union
2. bThe Constitution Act
3. cThe Royal Proclamation issued by King George IIICorrect
4. dThe Quebec Act

King George III issued the Royal Proclamation in 1763. Its promises, and those of later treaties, were not always kept.

1. aTrueCorrect
2. bFalse

The Constitution protects the rights of Indigenous peoples, including rights that come from treaties.

1. aTo teach them their own languages
2. bTo train them as soldiers
3. cTo assimilate them into mainstream Canadian cultureCorrect
4. dTo prepare them for life in the Arctic

Children were mostly forbidden to speak their languages or follow their traditions, and many suffered hardship and abuse.

1. aOnly during the 1990s
2. bFrom the 1800s until the 1980sCorrect
3. cOnly during the First World War
4. dFrom the 1600s to the 1760s

For more than a century, many Indigenous children were taken from their families and placed in these schools.

1. a2008Correct
2. b1763
3. c1982
4. d1867

In 2008, Ottawa made a formal apology to the people who had been sent to residential schools.

1. aIn the 1600s
2. bIn the 1920s
3. cIn the 1860s
4. dIn the 1970sCorrect

It is used for Indigenous people who are neither Inuit nor Métis, in place of the older word "Indian".

1. aThe land of ice
2. bThe hunters
3. cThe peopleCorrect
4. dThe northern lights

Inuit means "the people" in their language, Inuktitut.

1. aTrue
2. bFalseCorrect

The Inuit live in small communities spread across the Arctic, where their knowledge of land, sea and wildlife helped them survive.

1. aAn Arctic people who speak Inuktitut
2. bDescendants of French settlers in the Maritimes
3. cLoyalists who came from the United States
4. dA distinct people of mixed Indigenous and European ancestryCorrect

The Métis have both French-speaking and English-speaking roots and are recognized as a distinct Indigenous people.

1. aGaelic
2. bInuktitut
3. cHaida
4. dMichifCorrect

The Métis speak their own language, called Michif.

1. aThey have equal statusCorrect
2. bFrench is used only for matters about Quebec
3. cOnly English is used in Parliament
4. dEnglish has priority over French

The two official languages are equal in Parliament and in all institutions of the federal government.

1. aEnglish and FrenchCorrect
2. bEnglish and Inuktitut
3. cFrench and Michif
4. dEnglish and Spanish

English and French are the official languages of Canada.

1. a2006
2. b1931
3. c1969Correct
4. d1867

Parliament passed the Official Languages Act in 1969.

1. aThat every Canadian speak both languages
2. bThat every province become officially bilingual
3. cThat all schools teach only in French
4. dThat federal government services be offered in English and French across CanadaCorrect

The law guarantees that people can deal with the federal government in English or French anywhere in the country.

1. aOntario
2. bManitoba
3. cQuebec
4. dNew BrunswickCorrect

New Brunswick is the only province where English and French are both official.

1. aTrueCorrect
2. bFalse

There are also large francophone communities in Ontario, New Brunswick and Manitoba, and smaller ones in other provinces.

1. aAn Indigenous people of the Arctic
2. bDescendants of Scottish settlers in Ontario
3. cEnglish settlers who came after 1867
4. dDescendants of French colonists who settled the Maritime provinces from 1604Correct

French colonists began settling Acadia, in today's Maritime provinces, in 1604. Acadian culture is still thriving.

1. aThe deportation of most Acadians from their homeland between 1755 and 1763Correct
2. bThe building of the railway across Canada
3. cThe Quiet Revolution in Quebec
4. dThe arrival of the Loyalists

During the war between Britain and France, more than two-thirds of the Acadians were deported. They survived and kept their identity.

1. aAbout 8,500 French settlers of the 1600s and 1700sCorrect
2. bLoyalists from the United States
3. cIrish immigrants of the 1840s
4. dAcadians from the Maritimes

A relatively small group of French settlers who came in the 1600s and 1700s are the ancestors of most of today's Quebecers.

1. aThat French is Canada's only official language
2. bThat Quebecers form a nation within a united CanadaCorrect
3. cThat Quebec is an independent country
4. dThat Quebec may have its own army

The House of Commons voted to recognize the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada.

1. aEngland, Wales, Scotland and IrelandCorrect
2. bGermany, Poland and Ukraine
3. cNorway, Sweden and Denmark
4. dSpain, Portugal and Italy

From the 1600s to the 20th century, hundreds of thousands of English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish settlers, soldiers and migrants came to Canada.

1. aTrue
2. bFalseCorrect

Most Canadians were born in Canada, and this has been true since the 1800s, even though immigration has shaped the country.

1. aWestern Europe
2. bThe United States
3. cSouth America
4. dAsian countriesCorrect

Since the 1970s, Asia has been the main source of newcomers to Canada.

1. aBecause millions of newcomers have helped build and defend the country over the past 200 yearsCorrect
2. bBecause no one lived there before 1867
3. cBecause most Canadians were born abroad
4. dBecause every Canadian must speak a third language

Over two centuries, newcomers from many countries have helped make Canada what it is.

1. aBaptists
2. bCatholicsCorrect
3. cAnglicans
4. dLutherans

Catholics form the largest Christian group, followed by several Protestant churches.

1. aSocial welfare, health care and schoolsCorrect
2. bRunning federal elections
3. cDefence and foreign policy
4. dPrinting money

Governments and religious groups have long cooperated to help people in need, run hospitals and schools, and resettle refugees.

1. aOnly English and French cultures are allowed
2. bEach group lives apart and follows its own laws
3. cNewcomers must give up their own culture
4. dPeople of many backgrounds keep their cultures while sharing a common Canadian identityCorrect

Canadians from many origins live together in peace, respect each other's differences and share one Canadian identity.

1. aAs a policy used only in Quebec
2. bAs a short-term program for refugees
3. cAs a rule that ended in 1982
4. dAs a basic part of Canada's heritage and identityCorrect

Multiculturalism is seen as central to who Canadians are, not as a temporary or regional policy.

1. aTrueCorrect
2. bFalse

Gay and lesbian Canadians have full legal protection, are treated equally and can marry in a civil ceremony.

1. aThat they live only in certain provinces
2. bThat they join the armed forces
3. cThat they accept democratic principles such as the rule of law and leave old hatreds behindCorrect
4. dThat they give up their first language

Hard experiences abroad do not justify bringing violence, extremism or hatred to Canada.

1. aGive up their customs right away
2. bKeep their own identity while adding to the national characterCorrect
3. cLive only in rural areas
4. dSpeak only English at home

Buchan, also known as Lord Tweedsmuir, saw the many cultures of newcomers as a contribution to Canada.