Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns replace nouns and indicate the person.

Take a look

The rule

Personal pronouns replace nouns and indicate the person. German has: ich, du, er/sie/es (singular) and wir, ihr, sie/Sie (plural). The polite form 'Sie' is always capitalized. The pronouns change depending on case (nominative, accusative, dative). Die Personalpronomen im Nominativ sind: ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie, Sie. 'du' and 'ihr' are informal (friends, family), 'Sie' is formal (strangers, professional contexts). 'er' stands for masculine nouns, 'sie' for feminine, 'es' for neuter. The polite form 'Sie' is always capitalized – even in the middle of a sentence. 'sie' (lowercase) can mean 'she' (singular, feminine) or 'they' (plural) – context shows which.

The forms

Personal pronouns in three cases
NominativAkkusativDativ
ichmichmir
dudichdir
erihnihm
siesieihr
esesihm
wirunsuns
ihreucheuch
sie / Siesie / Sieihnen / Ihnen

Quick check

  1. ___ heißt Maria. (3rd person singular, feminine)
    Insert the correct pronoun.
    Answer
    Sie — Feminine pronoun in the nominative
  2. ___ sind Studenten.
    Choose the correct pronoun.
    1. Ich
    2. Wir
    3. Ihr
    4. Du
    Answer
    Wir — 1st person plural
  3. Der Tisch ist alt. ___ ist aus Holz.
    Insert the correct pronoun.
    Answer
    Er — Tisch is masculine → er
  4. Wie fragt man höflich einen Fremden?
    Which form of address is formal?
    1. Sprichst du Deutsch?
    2. Sprecht ihr Deutsch?
    3. Sprechen Sie Deutsch?
    4. Sprichst Sie Deutsch?
    Answer
    Sprechen Sie Deutsch? — Polite form with capital S
  5. Das Buch ist neu. Sie ist interessant.
    Correct the mistake.
    Answer
    Das Buch ist neu. Es ist interessant. — Buch is neuter → es
  6. Anna und Tom kochen. ___ kochen gern.
    Insert the correct pronoun.
    Answer
    Sie — 3rd person plural

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