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A2Cases

The dative: to whom?

Who receives the book in “Sie gibt ihm das Buch”?

Take a look

Ich gebe dem Kind einen Apfel.

I give the child an apple.

Take a look

  • Ich gebe dem Kind einen Apfel.I give the child an apple.
  • Er hilft der Frau.He helps the woman.
  • Wir danken den Lehrern.We thank the teachers.
  • Sie schreibt ihrem Freund einen Brief.She is writing her boyfriend a letter.

The rule

You already know the accusative, which often marks what an action directly affects. The dative often shows who receives something or gets help. In Sie gibt ihm das Buch, das Buch is the thing and ihm is the receiver. The articles become dem, der, dem and den in the plural. Notice pronouns such as mir and ihm as well. Learn which additions each verb requires.

Remember: Ask who receives something: wem? mir, ihm, dem Kind.

Goes with lesson 9, 12, 30 of the course.

What differs for you

English can mark a recipient with to or by word order, so the idea behind “Sie gibt ihm das Buch” is familiar. German also changes the form of the recipient: him in English does not tell you which German pronoun or article to choose. Learn “ihm” for the recipient here and “dem Mann” as the matching masculine article form.

The forms

Articles in the dative

Genusbestimmtunbestimmt
mdemeinem
fdereiner
ndemeinem
Pluralden—

Common mistakes

  • *Sie gibt ihn das Buch.Sie gibt ihm das Buch.
  • *Kannst du mich bitte helfen?Kannst du mir bitte helfen?

Quick check

A2
  1. Choose the correct article.Ich gebe ___ Mann das Buch.
  2. Insert the correct article.Sie hilft ___ Kindern. (plural)
  3. Choose the correct preposition.Er fährt ___ dem Bus zur Arbeit.
  4. Correct the mistake.Das Buch gehört die Lehrerin.
  5. Insert the correct form.Ich komme aus ___ Schweiz.
  6. Choose the correct form.Er gibt ___ Freundin ein Geschenk.

The answers appear after “Check”.

The same exercises come back in the course — there Langula remembers what you know and asks again at the right moment. Learn German free →

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